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Le caïd : ウィキペディア英語版
Le caïd

''Le caïd'', also spelled ''Le kaïd'' (''The Qaid''), is a comic opera (''フランス語:opéra bouffon'' or ''フランス語:opéra bouffe''〔Designated ''opéra bouffon'' in the libretto and ''opéra bouffe'' in the score (Wild & Charlton 2005, pp. 173–174).〕) in two acts composed by Ambroise Thomas to a libretto by Thomas Sauvage. It was premiered on 3 January 1849 by the Opéra-Comique at the second Salle Favart in Paris. The opera was originally titled ''Les boudjous'' (The budjus).〔Casaglia 2005.〕〔Wild & Charlton 2005, pp. 173–174.〕
==Performance history==
The premiere production of ''Le caïd'' by the Opéra-Comique was conducted by Théophile Tilmant and directed by Ernest Mocker.〔 The opera received very favourable reviews and was Thomas's first major popular success.〔Hervey, 1894, (pp. 18–19 ).〕 The work evinced a vogue for all things Algerian in the colonial power of France, which had conquered Algeria in 1830.〔Smith 2001.〕 It was revived by the Opéra-Comique on 31 August 1851, when it was given its 100th performance with Caroline Miolan-Carvalho as Virginie.〔 It was last revived by the Opéra-Comique on 16 February 1911, receiving a total of 422 representations by that company,〔Wolff 1953, p. 35.〕 and was revived at the Gaîté-Lyrique on 18 May 1931.〔Loewenberg 1978, column 870.〕 Its most recent revival was in November 2007 when it was staged at the Opéra-Théâtre in Metz in a production designed and directed by Adriano Sinivia and conducted by Jacques Mercier.〔Degott, 4 December 2007.〕
Outside of France the opera was first performed in Brussels on 26 August 1849,〔 in London at St. James's Theatre on 8 February 1850,〔''The Musical World'' (2 February 1850) p. 67〕 and in New Orleans at the Théâtre d'Orléans on 18 April 1850.〔 It was given in English at the Haymarket Theatre in London on 18 June 1851 (as ''The Cadi, or Amours among Moors''〔Mabilat 2008, p. 16〕) and in Manchester on 8 December 1880. It was performed in German in Vienna in 1856, Berlin in 1857, and Prague in 1860, and in Italian in Milan in 1863, Barcelona in 1865, Florence in 1877, and Naples in 1889.〔

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